The word 'apothecary' is derived from apotheca, meaning a place where wine, spices and herbs were stored. During the thirteenth
century it came into use in this country to describe a person who kept a stock
of these commodities, which he sold from his shop or street stall. By the mid-sixteenth century apothecaries had become the equivalent of today's
community pharmacists, dealing mainly with the preparation and sale of substances
for medicinal purposes. Authority over medical practice, however, lay with the
College of Physicians. From 1672 until 1922, the Society of Apothecaries manufactured and sold medicinal
and pharmaceutical products at the Hall, and in 1673 it founded the Chelsea Physic
Garden, only relinquishing managerial control in 1899.
The Apothecaries' Physic Garden at Chelsea was founded as an educational enterprise;
it was also established in conjunction with the possession of the Society's first
ceremonial barge. In July 1673 the Society took the lease on three-and-a-half acres of land on
the riverfront at Chelsea and proceeded to build a bargehouse and cultivate a
physic garden where, for well over two centuries, Apothecaries' apprentices and,
later, medical students, were taught Botany and Materia Medica.
The word Physic means the art or skill of healing. As a species name, the word 'officinale' denotes a plant that was traditionally sold in
apothecary shops and was considered to have medicinal or healthful
properties. Many plants in the apothecary or physic garden were grown for cooking, healing, dyeing wool and fabric and 'strewing', or scattering over the floor for their perfume. Pennyroyal and Lady's Bedstraw kept fleas at bay. Traditionally apothecary or physic gardens grouped the plants according to their healing or soothing properties.
There isn't enough space in the Goldsmiths Community Garden for a full scale apothecary garden like the one at
Cowbridge Physic Garden, west of Cardiff, or the
Abbey Physic Community Garden in Faversham. The aim is to make it an educational space for all generations to enjoy and for the garden to evolve over time. Please contact me at
hubbub@goldsmithscommunityhub.org.uk for more information, and to visit the garden (currently Monday & Tuesday only).
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Hemerocallis flava with sweet cicely, rue, hop, thalictrum and lemon balm |
Read
this article by Francine Raymond in the Sunday Telegraph, October 2011.
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Purple Sage, periwinkle (Vinca minor) and catmint (Nepeta x faassenii) |